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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><elsevierMultimedia ident="tb0005"></elsevierMultimedia></p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Abstract</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Background</span>&#58; Aortic valve stenosis &#40;AS&#41; is a progressive disease&#44; but the impact of baseline AS haemodynamic or anatomic severity on AS progression remains unclear&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Methods</span>&#58; In 149 patients &#40;104 mild AS&#44; 36 moderate AS and 9 severe AS&#41; enrolled in 2 ongoing prospective cohorts &#40;COFRASA&#47;GENERAC&#41;&#44; we evaluated AS haemodynamic severity at baseline and yearly&#44; thereafter&#44; using echocardiography &#40;mean pressure gradient &#40;MPG&#41;&#41; and AS anatomic severity using CT &#40;degree of aortic valve calcification &#40;AVC&#41;&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Results</span>&#58; After a mean follow&#8208;up of 2&#46;9&#177;1&#46;0 years&#44; mean MGP increased from 22&#177;11 to 30&#177;16<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg &#40;&#43;3&#177;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg&#47;year&#41;&#44; and mean AVC from 1108&#177;891 to 1640&#177;1251<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>AU &#40;arbitrary units&#41; &#40;&#43;188&#177;176<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>AU&#47;year&#41;&#46; Progression of AS was strongly related to baseline haemodynamic severity &#40;&#43;2&#177;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg&#47;year in mild AS&#44;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;4&#177;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg&#47;year in moderate AS and &#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#177;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg&#47;year in severe AS &#40;p&#61;0&#46;01&#41;&#41;&#44; and baseline haemodynamic severity was an independent predictor of haemodynamic progression &#40;p&#61;0&#46;0003&#41;&#46; Annualised haemodynamic and anatomic progression rates were significantly correlated &#40;r&#61;0&#46;55&#44; p&#60;0&#46;0001&#41;&#44; but AVC progression rate was also significantly associated with baseline haemodynamic severity &#40;&#43;141&#177;133<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>AU&#47;year in mild AS&#44;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;279&#177;189<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>AU&#47;year in moderate AS and<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;361&#177;293<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>AU&#47;year in severe AS&#44; p&#60;0&#46;0001&#41;&#44; and both baseline MPG and baseline AVC were independent determinants of AVC progression &#40;p&#60;0&#46;0001&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Conclusions</span>&#58; AS progressed faster with increasing haemodynamic or anatomic severity&#46; Our results suggest that a medical strategy aimed at preventing AVC progression may be useful in all subsets of patients with AS including those with severe AS and support the recommended closer follow&#8208;up of patients with AS as AS severity increases&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Clinical Trial Registration</span>&#58; COFRASA &#40;clinicalTrial&#46;gov number NCT00338676&#41; and GENERAC &#40;clinicalTrial&#46;gov number NCT00647088&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Comment</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A estenose a&#243;rtica &#233; a patologia valvular mais frequente&#58; na atualidade&#44; afeta 2&#8208;7&#37; dos indiv&#237;duos com mais de 65 anos e &#233; espect&#225;vel que a sua preval&#234;ncia aumente dramaticamente com o envelhecimento da popula&#231;&#227;o<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A etiologia mais frequente &#233; a degenerativa ou fibrocalc&#237;fica&#44; e a apresenta&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica cl&#225;ssica inclui dispneia de esfor&#231;o&#44; angina&#44; tonturas e s&#237;ncope&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O diagn&#243;stico &#233; habitualmente efetuado por ecocardiografia&#44; t&#233;cnica que permite confirmar a presen&#231;a da estenose a&#243;rtica &#40;determina&#231;&#227;o do gradiente m&#233;dio e c&#225;lculo da &#225;rea valvular&#41;&#44; explorar o grau de calcifica&#231;&#227;o e anatomia da v&#225;lvula&#44; avaliar a fun&#231;&#227;o ventricular esquerda e despistar a presen&#231;a de anomalias associadas&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A avalia&#231;&#227;o da calcifica&#231;&#227;o valvular por tomografia computorizada emergiu recentemente como uma alternativa na avalia&#231;&#227;o da estenose a&#243;rtica&#46; O <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">score</span> de c&#225;lcio da v&#225;lvula a&#243;rtica&#44; 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Assim&#44; o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">score</span> de c&#225;lcio pode constituir uma mais&#8208;valia em situa&#231;&#245;es clinicamente mais desafiantes&#44; como na estenose a&#243;rtica de baixo fluxo&#44; baixo gradiente paradoxal&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">N&#227;o existe terap&#234;utica farmacol&#243;gica capaz de atrasar&#47;estagnar a progress&#227;o da doen&#231;a&#44; sendo a substitui&#231;&#227;o valvular a &#250;nica hip&#243;tese de tratamento e al&#237;vio dos sintomas&#46; As recomenda&#231;&#245;es internacionais preconizam a interven&#231;&#227;o na presen&#231;a de sintomas e&#47;ou sinais de sinais de sobrecarga ventricular esquerda<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A progress&#227;o da gravidade da estenose a&#243;rtica &#233; altamente vari&#225;vel de indiv&#237;duo para indiv&#237;duo&#46; Nesse contexto&#44; recomenda&#8208;se uma estrat&#233;gia de vigil&#226;ncia cl&#237;nica e ecocardiogr&#225;fica anual ou bianual&#44; com os custos econ&#243;micos inerentes&#46;&#201; no contexto de tentar predizer a hist&#243;ria natural da estenose a&#243;rtica e o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">timing</span> cir&#250;rgico adequado que surge o trabalho de Nguyen et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#44; publicado na revista <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Heart</span>&#44; na qual mereceu inclusiv&#233; um coment&#225;rio editorial<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Foram envolvidos prospectivamente 149 doentes provenientes dos estudos COFRASA &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aortic Stenosis in Elderly&#58; Determinant of Progression</span>&#41; e GENERAC &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Genetic of Aortic Valve Stenosis &#8211; Clinical and Therapeutic Implications</span>&#41;&#44; a maioria com estenose a&#243;rtica de grau ligeiro &#40;estenose a&#243;rtica ligeira&#58; 104 doentes&#59; estenose a&#243;rtica moderada&#58; 36 doentes&#59; estenose a&#243;rtica grave&#58; nove doentes&#41;&#46; Ao longo de um <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">follow&#8208;up</span> m&#233;dio de 2&#44;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44;0 anos&#44; foi avaliada a progress&#227;o da gravidade da doen&#231;a por par&#226;metros hemodin&#226;micos derivados por ecocardiografia e pelo grau de calcifica&#231;&#227;o valvular calculado por tomografia computorizada &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">score</span> de c&#225;lcio&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Em termos hemodin&#226;micos&#44; verificou&#8208;se uma progress&#227;o de<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg&#47;ano no gradiente m&#233;dio transvalvular&#46; 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indicando que a progress&#227;o da doen&#231;a tende a acelerar com o tempo&#46; Mais ainda&#44; o gradiente m&#233;dio basal foi um preditor independente da progress&#227;o da estenose&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Anatomicamente&#44; foi documentado um agravamento da calcifica&#231;&#227;o de<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>188<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>176<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>AU&#47;ano e este agravamento foi mais marcado em fases mais tardias da doen&#231;a &#40;ligeira<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>141<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>113<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>AU&#47;ano&#44; moderada<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>279<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>189<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>AU&#47;ano&#44; grave<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>361<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>293<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>AU&#47;ano&#41;&#46; Tamb&#233;m o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">score</span> de c&#225;lcio basal foi um preditor independente da progress&#227;o da estenose&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">De forma expect&#225;vel&#44; verificou&#8208;se uma correla&#231;&#227;o positiva entre a gravidade hemodin&#226;mica da estenose e o grau de calcifica&#231;&#227;o valvular&#44; bem como entre o agravamento do gradiente m&#233;dio e a progress&#227;o da calcifica&#231;&#227;o&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">De real&#231;ar que nem a progress&#227;o hemodin&#226;mica&#44; nem a progress&#227;o anat&#243;mica&#44; foram uniformes e&#44; curiosamente&#44; o sexo e a anatomia valvular &#40;bic&#250;spide <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> tric&#250;spide&#41; n&#227;o foram preditores independentes de progress&#227;o da doen&#231;a&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; progress&#227;o hemodin&#226;mica da estenose a&#243;rtica&#44; os achados deste trabalho corroboram o conceito conhecido de que a progress&#227;o da doen&#231;a tende a acelerar com o tempo e de que os doentes em fases mais tardias da mesma beneficiam de um <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">follow&#8208;up</span> mais apertado&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A novidade deste trabalho reside na avalia&#231;&#227;o da progress&#227;o anat&#243;mica da les&#227;o valvular avaliada pelo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">score</span> de c&#225;lcio&#46; Tal como acontece com o gradiente m&#233;dio&#44; o agravamento do <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">score</span> de c&#225;lcio &#233; mais r&#225;pido em fases mais avan&#231;adas da doen&#231;a&#46; No entanto&#44; de forma interessante&#44; verificou&#8208;se que&#44; ao contr&#225;rio do que acontece com o gradiente m&#233;dio que sofre apenas modifica&#231;&#245;es ligeiras&#44; a varia&#231;&#227;o do <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">score</span> de c&#225;lcio &#233; numericamente muito expressiva&#46; Assim&#44; o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">score</span> de c&#225;lcio poder&#225; constituir uma t&#233;cnica mais sens&#237;vel e mais reprodut&#237;vel na avalia&#231;&#227;o da progress&#227;o da estenose a&#243;rtica&#44; sobretudo em doentes com comorbilidades que dificultem a valoriza&#231;&#227;o do gradiente m&#233;dio &#40;doen&#231;a valvular concomitante&#44; disfun&#231;&#227;o ventricular&#44; hipertens&#227;o&#41;&#46; Mais ainda&#44; poder&#225; ser de particular interesse estudar a associa&#231;&#227;o entre a distribui&#231;&#227;o anat&#243;mica do c&#225;lcio e a gravidade hemodin&#226;mica da les&#227;o valvular&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tal como referido no coment&#225;rio editorial de Dweck et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#44; os achados deste estudo mostram que &#171;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">aortic stenosis begets aortic stenosis</span>&#187; e que haver&#225; uma inexor&#225;vel progress&#227;o&#44; tanto mais r&#225;pida quanto mais grave a estenose&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Assim&#44; mant&#233;m&#8208;se o desafio de encontrar terap&#234;uticas farmacol&#243;gicas que interrompam &#40;ou&#44; quem sabe&#44; revertam&#41; este ciclo vicioso&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The author has no conflicts of interest to declare&#46;</p></span></span>"
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Recommended Article of The Month
Comment on “Haemodynamic and anatomic progression of aortic stenosis”
Progresso hemodinâmico e anatómico da estenose aórtica
Filipe Macedo
Membro do Corpo Redatorial da Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia
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    "titulo" => "Comment on &#8220;Haemodynamic and anatomic progression of aortic stenosis&#8221;"
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        "autoresLista" => "Filipe Macedo"
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        "titulo" => "Progresso hemodin&#226;mico e anat&#243;mico da estenose a&#243;rtica"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><elsevierMultimedia ident="tb0005"></elsevierMultimedia></p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Abstract</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Background</span>&#58; Aortic valve stenosis &#40;AS&#41; is a progressive disease&#44; but the impact of baseline AS haemodynamic or anatomic severity on AS progression remains unclear&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Methods</span>&#58; In 149 patients &#40;104 mild AS&#44; 36 moderate AS and 9 severe AS&#41; enrolled in 2 ongoing prospective cohorts &#40;COFRASA&#47;GENERAC&#41;&#44; we evaluated AS haemodynamic severity at baseline and yearly&#44; thereafter&#44; using echocardiography &#40;mean pressure gradient &#40;MPG&#41;&#41; and AS anatomic severity using CT &#40;degree of aortic valve calcification &#40;AVC&#41;&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Results</span>&#58; After a mean follow&#8208;up of 2&#46;9&#177;1&#46;0 years&#44; mean MGP increased from 22&#177;11 to 30&#177;16<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg &#40;&#43;3&#177;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg&#47;year&#41;&#44; and mean AVC from 1108&#177;891 to 1640&#177;1251<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>AU &#40;arbitrary units&#41; &#40;&#43;188&#177;176<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>AU&#47;year&#41;&#46; Progression of AS was strongly related to baseline haemodynamic severity &#40;&#43;2&#177;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg&#47;year in mild AS&#44;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;4&#177;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg&#47;year in moderate AS and &#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#177;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg&#47;year in severe AS &#40;p&#61;0&#46;01&#41;&#41;&#44; and baseline haemodynamic severity was an independent predictor of haemodynamic progression &#40;p&#61;0&#46;0003&#41;&#46; Annualised haemodynamic and anatomic progression rates were significantly correlated &#40;r&#61;0&#46;55&#44; p&#60;0&#46;0001&#41;&#44; but AVC progression rate was also significantly associated with baseline haemodynamic severity &#40;&#43;141&#177;133<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>AU&#47;year in mild AS&#44;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;279&#177;189<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>AU&#47;year in moderate AS and<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;361&#177;293<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>AU&#47;year in severe AS&#44; p&#60;0&#46;0001&#41;&#44; and both baseline MPG and baseline AVC were independent determinants of AVC progression &#40;p&#60;0&#46;0001&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Conclusions</span>&#58; AS progressed faster with increasing haemodynamic or anatomic severity&#46; Our results suggest that a medical strategy aimed at preventing AVC progression may be useful in all subsets of patients with AS including those with severe AS and support the recommended closer follow&#8208;up of patients with AS as AS severity increases&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Clinical Trial Registration</span>&#58; COFRASA &#40;clinicalTrial&#46;gov number NCT00338676&#41; and GENERAC &#40;clinicalTrial&#46;gov number NCT00647088&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Comment</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A estenose a&#243;rtica &#233; a patologia valvular mais frequente&#58; na atualidade&#44; afeta 2&#8208;7&#37; dos indiv&#237;duos com mais de 65 anos e &#233; espect&#225;vel que a sua preval&#234;ncia aumente dramaticamente com o envelhecimento da popula&#231;&#227;o<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A etiologia mais frequente &#233; a degenerativa ou fibrocalc&#237;fica&#44; e a apresenta&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica cl&#225;ssica inclui dispneia de esfor&#231;o&#44; angina&#44; tonturas e s&#237;ncope&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O diagn&#243;stico &#233; habitualmente efetuado por ecocardiografia&#44; t&#233;cnica que permite confirmar a presen&#231;a da estenose a&#243;rtica &#40;determina&#231;&#227;o do gradiente m&#233;dio e c&#225;lculo da &#225;rea valvular&#41;&#44; explorar o grau de calcifica&#231;&#227;o e anatomia da v&#225;lvula&#44; avaliar a fun&#231;&#227;o ventricular esquerda e despistar a presen&#231;a de anomalias associadas&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A avalia&#231;&#227;o da calcifica&#231;&#227;o valvular por tomografia computorizada emergiu recentemente como uma alternativa na avalia&#231;&#227;o da estenose a&#243;rtica&#46; O <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">score</span> de c&#225;lcio da v&#225;lvula a&#243;rtica&#44; expressando o conte&#250;do de c&#225;lcio da v&#225;lvula&#44; permite uma avalia&#231;&#227;o anat&#243;mica da gravidade da doen&#231;a&#44; independente das condi&#231;&#245;es de carga e da presen&#231;a de disfun&#231;&#227;o ventricular ou outra doen&#231;a valvular concomitante&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Recentemente&#44; foram apontados valores de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cut&#8208;off</span> espec&#237;ficos para a defini&#231;&#227;o de estenose a&#243;rtica grave&#58; 2065<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>AU para os homens e 1275<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>AU para as mulheres<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4</span></a>&#46; Sabe&#8208;se que o grau de calcifica&#231;&#227;o da v&#225;lvula a&#243;rtica se correlaciona com a gravidade hemodin&#226;mica avaliada por ecocardiografia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4</span></a>&#46; Assim&#44; o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">score</span> de c&#225;lcio pode constituir uma mais&#8208;valia em situa&#231;&#245;es clinicamente mais desafiantes&#44; como na estenose a&#243;rtica de baixo fluxo&#44; baixo gradiente paradoxal&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">N&#227;o existe terap&#234;utica farmacol&#243;gica capaz de atrasar&#47;estagnar a progress&#227;o da doen&#231;a&#44; sendo a substitui&#231;&#227;o valvular a &#250;nica hip&#243;tese de tratamento e al&#237;vio dos sintomas&#46; As recomenda&#231;&#245;es internacionais preconizam a interven&#231;&#227;o na presen&#231;a de sintomas e&#47;ou sinais de sinais de sobrecarga ventricular esquerda<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A progress&#227;o da gravidade da estenose a&#243;rtica &#233; altamente vari&#225;vel de indiv&#237;duo para indiv&#237;duo&#46; Nesse contexto&#44; recomenda&#8208;se uma estrat&#233;gia de vigil&#226;ncia cl&#237;nica e ecocardiogr&#225;fica anual ou bianual&#44; com os custos econ&#243;micos inerentes&#46;&#201; no contexto de tentar predizer a hist&#243;ria natural da estenose a&#243;rtica e o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">timing</span> cir&#250;rgico adequado que surge o trabalho de Nguyen et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#44; publicado na revista <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Heart</span>&#44; na qual mereceu inclusiv&#233; um coment&#225;rio editorial<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Foram envolvidos prospectivamente 149 doentes provenientes dos estudos COFRASA &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aortic Stenosis in Elderly&#58; Determinant of Progression</span>&#41; e GENERAC &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Genetic of Aortic Valve Stenosis &#8211; Clinical and Therapeutic Implications</span>&#41;&#44; a maioria com estenose a&#243;rtica de grau ligeiro &#40;estenose a&#243;rtica ligeira&#58; 104 doentes&#59; estenose a&#243;rtica moderada&#58; 36 doentes&#59; estenose a&#243;rtica grave&#58; nove doentes&#41;&#46; Ao longo de um <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">follow&#8208;up</span> m&#233;dio de 2&#44;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44;0 anos&#44; foi avaliada a progress&#227;o da gravidade da doen&#231;a por par&#226;metros hemodin&#226;micos derivados por ecocardiografia e pelo grau de calcifica&#231;&#227;o valvular calculado por tomografia computorizada &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">score</span> de c&#225;lcio&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Em termos hemodin&#226;micos&#44; verificou&#8208;se uma progress&#227;o de<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg&#47;ano no gradiente m&#233;dio transvalvular&#46; Documentou&#8208;se uma associa&#231;&#227;o estatisticamente significativa entre o grau de progress&#227;o hemodin&#226;mica e a gravidade da estenose a&#243;rtica na avalia&#231;&#227;o basal &#40;ligeira<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg&#47;ano&#44; moderada<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg&#47;ano&#44; grave<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg&#47;ano&#41;&#44; indicando que a progress&#227;o da doen&#231;a tende a acelerar com o tempo&#46; Mais ainda&#44; o gradiente m&#233;dio basal foi um preditor independente da progress&#227;o da estenose&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Anatomicamente&#44; foi documentado um agravamento da calcifica&#231;&#227;o de<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>188<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>176<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>AU&#47;ano e este agravamento foi mais marcado em fases mais tardias da doen&#231;a &#40;ligeira<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>141<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>113<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>AU&#47;ano&#44; moderada<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>279<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>189<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>AU&#47;ano&#44; grave<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>361<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>293<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>AU&#47;ano&#41;&#46; Tamb&#233;m o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">score</span> de c&#225;lcio basal foi um preditor independente da progress&#227;o da estenose&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">De forma expect&#225;vel&#44; verificou&#8208;se uma correla&#231;&#227;o positiva entre a gravidade hemodin&#226;mica da estenose e o grau de calcifica&#231;&#227;o valvular&#44; bem como entre o agravamento do gradiente m&#233;dio e a progress&#227;o da calcifica&#231;&#227;o&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">De real&#231;ar que nem a progress&#227;o hemodin&#226;mica&#44; nem a progress&#227;o anat&#243;mica&#44; foram uniformes e&#44; curiosamente&#44; o sexo e a anatomia valvular &#40;bic&#250;spide <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> tric&#250;spide&#41; n&#227;o foram preditores independentes de progress&#227;o da doen&#231;a&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; progress&#227;o hemodin&#226;mica da estenose a&#243;rtica&#44; os achados deste trabalho corroboram o conceito conhecido de que a progress&#227;o da doen&#231;a tende a acelerar com o tempo e de que os doentes em fases mais tardias da mesma beneficiam de um <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">follow&#8208;up</span> mais apertado&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A novidade deste trabalho reside na avalia&#231;&#227;o da progress&#227;o anat&#243;mica da les&#227;o valvular avaliada pelo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">score</span> de c&#225;lcio&#46; Tal como acontece com o gradiente m&#233;dio&#44; o agravamento do <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">score</span> de c&#225;lcio &#233; mais r&#225;pido em fases mais avan&#231;adas da doen&#231;a&#46; No entanto&#44; de forma interessante&#44; verificou&#8208;se que&#44; ao contr&#225;rio do que acontece com o gradiente m&#233;dio que sofre apenas modifica&#231;&#245;es ligeiras&#44; a varia&#231;&#227;o do <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">score</span> de c&#225;lcio &#233; numericamente muito expressiva&#46; Assim&#44; o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">score</span> de c&#225;lcio poder&#225; constituir uma t&#233;cnica mais sens&#237;vel e mais reprodut&#237;vel na avalia&#231;&#227;o da progress&#227;o da estenose a&#243;rtica&#44; sobretudo em doentes com comorbilidades que dificultem a valoriza&#231;&#227;o do gradiente m&#233;dio &#40;doen&#231;a valvular concomitante&#44; disfun&#231;&#227;o ventricular&#44; hipertens&#227;o&#41;&#46; Mais ainda&#44; poder&#225; ser de particular interesse estudar a associa&#231;&#227;o entre a distribui&#231;&#227;o anat&#243;mica do c&#225;lcio e a gravidade hemodin&#226;mica da les&#227;o valvular&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tal como referido no coment&#225;rio editorial de Dweck et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#44; os achados deste estudo mostram que &#171;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">aortic stenosis begets aortic stenosis</span>&#187; e que haver&#225; uma inexor&#225;vel progress&#227;o&#44; tanto mais r&#225;pida quanto mais grave a estenose&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Assim&#44; mant&#233;m&#8208;se o desafio de encontrar terap&#234;uticas farmacol&#243;gicas que interrompam &#40;ou&#44; quem sabe&#44; revertam&#41; este ciclo vicioso&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The author has no conflicts of interest to declare&#46;</p></span></span>"
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          "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nguyen V&#44; Cimadevilla C&#44; Estellat C&#44; Codogno I&#44; Huart V&#44; Benessiano J&#44; Duval X&#44; Pibarot P&#44; Clavel MA&#44; Enriquez&#8208;Sarano M&#44; Vahanian A&#44; Messika&#8208;Zeitoun D&#46; Heart&#46; 2015 Jun&#59;101&#40;12&#41;&#58;943&#8208;7&#46; doi&#58; 10&#46;1136&#47;heartjnl&#8208;2014&#8208;307154&#46; Epub 2015 Feb 5</p></span>"
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ISSN: 21742049
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Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia (English edition)
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