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Image in Cardiology
Collateral damage from a coronary blush
Danos colaterais com blush coronário
Panagiotis Koudounisa, Jessica Webba, Camila Cabrala, Natali Chungb, Ronak Rajania,
Corresponding author
Ronak.Rajani@gstt.nhs.uk

Corresponding author.
a Department of Cardiology, Guy's and St Thomas’ Hospitals, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
b Department of Adult Congenital Heart Disease, Guy's and St Thomas’ Hospitals Trust, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 28-year-old man presented with a five-hour history of central chest pain and dyspnea&#46; His 12-lead electrocardiogram demonstrated biphasic T waves in leads V1&#8211;V4&#44; and T-wave inversion in lead AVL &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figure 1</a>&#41;&#46; He was accordingly treated for acute coronary syndrome and referred for coronary computed tomographic angiography &#40;CTA&#41;&#44; which showed unobstructed coronary arteries but also an additional vessel that represented a coronary artery fistula &#40;CAF&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Figure 2</a>a&#8211;d&#41;&#46; In addition there was a bicuspid aortic valve &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Figure 2</a>e&#41;&#44; concomitant aortopathy &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Figure 2</a>f&#41; and a dilated pulmonary artery&#46; The patient underwent surgical ligation of the CAF and was discharged five days later following an uneventful recovery&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Coronary artery fistulae are usually congenital in origin and account for approximately 0&#46;2&#8211;0&#46;4&#37; of all congenital cardiac abnormalities&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Although commonly asymptomatic&#44; as the fistula progressively enlarges patients may present late in life with dyspnea&#44; fatigue&#44; stroke and endocarditis&#46; Myocardial ischemia may also occur as a result of coronary steal&#44; whereby coronary flow bypasses the myocardial capillary bed in preference for the low-pressure system of the fistula&#46; CAFs in asymptomatic individuals should undergo careful periodic evaluation&#46; In symptomatic individuals&#44; surgical ligation and transcatheter embolization have been shown to be effective therapies&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> The current case firstly demonstrates a rare cause of acute coronary syndrome precipitated by a CAF&#46; Secondly it shows the value of coronary CTA in delineating a CAF and in detecting additional congenital abnormalities&#46; Finally it raises the proposition that CAF may be a coronary anomaly associated with bicuspid aortic valve&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Ethical disclosures</span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Protection of human and animal subjects</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that no experiments were performed on humans or animals for this study&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Confidentiality of data</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have followed the protocols of their work center on the publication of patient data&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Right to privacy and informed consent</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have obtained the written informed consent of the patients or subjects mentioned in the article&#46; The corresponding author is in possession of this document&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare&#46;</p></span></span>"
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Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia (English edition)
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