was read the article
array:23 [ "pii" => "S2174204913001517" "issn" => "21742049" "doi" => "10.1016/j.repce.2013.09.001" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2013-07-01" "aid" => "300" "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia" "copyrightAnyo" => "2013" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Rev Port Cardiol. 2013;32:557-65" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 3924 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 140 "HTML" => 2942 "PDF" => 842 ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S2174204913001591" "issn" => "21742049" "doi" => "10.1016/j.repce.2013.10.004" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2013-07-01" "aid" => "294" "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Rev Port Cardiol. 2013;32:567-75" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 2932 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 150 "HTML" => 2218 "PDF" => 564 ] ] "en" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>" "titulo" => "Characterization of acute heart failure hospitalizations in a Portuguese cardiology department" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "pt" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "567" "paginaFinal" => "575" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "pt" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Caracterização das hospitalizações por insuficiência cardíaca aguda num serviço de cardiologia português" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "pt" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1268 "Ancho" => 2009 "Tamanyo" => 137828 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Oral medication on admission and at discharge for acute heart failure patients. McNemar test for related samples. ACEI: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker; BB: beta-adrenergic receptor blocker; CCB: calcium channel blocker; MRA: mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Ana Catarina Pinho-Gomes, José Silva Cardoso, Luís Filipe Azevedo, Rui Almeida, Teresa Pinho, Maria Júlia Maciel" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Ana Catarina" "apellidos" => "Pinho-Gomes" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "José" "apellidos" => "Silva Cardoso" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Luís Filipe" "apellidos" => "Azevedo" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Rui" "apellidos" => "Almeida" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Teresa" "apellidos" => "Pinho" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Maria Júlia" "apellidos" => "Maciel" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2174204913001591?idApp=UINPBA00004E" "url" => "/21742049/0000003200000078/v1_201310270023/S2174204913001591/v1_201310270023/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:21 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>" "titulo" => "Economic evaluation of dabigatran for stroke prevention in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "557" "paginaFinal" => "565" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Luís Silva Miguel, Evangelista Rocha, Jorge Ferreira" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Luís" "apellidos" => "Silva Miguel" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "luissm@cisep.iseg.utl.pt" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">¿</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Evangelista" "apellidos" => "Rocha" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Jorge" "apellidos" => "Ferreira" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Centro de Investigação Sobre Economia Portuguesa, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, Lisboa, Portugal" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Instituto de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Serviço de Cardiologia, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Lisboa, Portugal" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 2192 "Ancho" => 2464 "Tamanyo" => 403625 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Markov model. <span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span> History of stroke is modeled but not represented in the figure; <span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span> discontinuation due to minor bleeding. HS: hemorrhagic stroke; IB: intracranial bleeding; IS: ischemic stroke; MI: myocardial infarction; TIA: transient ischemic attack.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Introduction</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a supraventricular arrhythmia characterized by deterioration of atrial mechanical function resulting in increased risk of thromboembolic events such as ischemic stroke.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Non-valvular AF (i.e. not resulting from rheumatic mitral valve disease, prosthetic valves or valve repair<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>) is the most common sustained arrhythmia, increasing with age; it has an estimated prevalence of 1–2%, and this figure is set to rise with aging populations.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> The overall prevalence of AF in the FAMA study, on a Portuguese population aged over 40, was 2.5%, but was significantly higher in those aged 70 or more (0.2% in those aged 40–49, 1.0% in those aged 50–59, 1.6% in those aged 60–69, 6.6% in those aged 70–79, and 10.4% in those aged 80 or over).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> There were an estimated 143<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>000 cases in Portugal in 2012.</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">AF can be asymptomatic and remain undiagnosed: according to the Euro Heart Survey, only 69% of patients report symptoms.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> Appropriate screening (pulse taking and electrocardiography) is not always performed in clinical practice; the estimated rate of detection of AF in primary health care is 64%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> There are also significant problems of patient awareness, as shown in the Portuguese FAMA study, in which only 62% of those with AF were aware of having the condition.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The increased thromboembolic risk of these patients results in not only a doubling of mortality<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> but also increased morbidity, a consequence of the main complication of AF, ischemic stroke, the incidence of which is three to four times higher in AF,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> which is thus one of the principal causes of ischemic stroke.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> In the Framingham study, the annual risk of stroke attributable to AF was 1.5% for those aged 50–59 and 23.5% for those aged 80–89.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Furthermore, stroke associated with AF is generally more severe and leads to greater health care costs.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The main treatment is currently vitamin K antagonists, usually warfarin, which reduces stroke risk by 64% compared to placebo and by 40% compared to aspirin.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> However, the complications associated with its use, including interactions with other drugs and dietary considerations, as well as the difficulty in maintaining the international normalized ratio (INR) within therapeutic and safety limits, mean that many eligible patients are not medicated with warfarin. In Portugal, only 38% of those eligible for anticoagulation receive warfarin and 40% receive no antithrombotic therapy at all.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">These difficulties have prompted a search for alterative therapies that are at least as effective and safe as warfarin but do not require repeated laboratory testing. However, up to now all attempts have failed; antiplatelet agents such as aspirin and clopidogrel provide inadequate protection against ischemia,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10,11</span></a> while there are safety concerns with other anticoagulants such as ximelagatran and idraparinux.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12,13</span></a></p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dabigatran is an oral anticoagulant that acts through direct and selective inhibition of thrombin. Its dose-response effect is predictable, eliminating the need for routine INR monitoring. In the RE-LY clinical trial,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14,15</span></a> in which over 18 000 patients with non-valvular AF were followed for a median of two years, dabigatran 150 mg twice daily was associated with lower rates of stroke and systemic embolism than warfarin but similar rates of major bleeding, while dabigatran 110 mg twice daily was associated with similar rates of stroke and systemic embolism to those associated with warfarin, as well as lower rates of major bleeding. Significantly lower rates of intracranial bleeding were observed with both doses of dabigatran than with warfarin. In 2011 dabigatran was approved by the European Medicines Agency for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with non-valvular AF.</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the light of these results, dabigatran represents an important innovation not only for AF patients taking warfarin but also for those on other therapeutic regimens. Given the need to rationalize health care costs, the cost of any new drug must be weighed against the health gains it provides. For this reason, we performed an economic evaluation of dabigatran for stroke prevention in patients with non-valvular AF.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Methods</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Model</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The Markov model (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figure 1</a>) used in this evaluation is based on those used in economic studies on the introduction of dabigatran in Canada<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> and the United Kingdom,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> adapted to the Portuguese context. The model simulates patients’ clinical course in 3-month cycles to the end of their lives, applying a specified probability of the mutually exclusive occurrence of the major events in this population: death, ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA), systemic embolism, myocardial infarction (MI), and intra and extracranial bleeding. Minor bleeding, which can occur concomitantly with the other events, is also simulated.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">An individual who has suffered a cerebral event (ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke or intracranial bleeding) may lose their independence. Such patients are classified according to the modified Rankin scale (for stroke) or the Glasgow Outcomes scale (for intracranial bleeding) as independent, moderately dependent, or completely dependent. Treatment can be discontinued, permanently in the case of hemorrhagic stroke or intracranial bleeding, or temporarily due to extracranial bleeding or other reasons.</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Such a simulation of a patient cohort can be used to estimate the costs and clinical consequences associated with different therapeutic options. In this case the model was used to predict costs, life years, and quality-adjusted life years (QALY) for the alternatives under analysis and to determine costs per life year and per QALY for the treatment with the best clinical results.</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Comparator</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The choice of comparator (the therapeutic option to be replaced by the drug under assessment) is a crucial element in the design of an economic evaluation. Dabigatran is an alternative not only to warfarin but also to other therapeutic options for AF patients, particularly aspirin and no antithrombotic medication.</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the FAMA study,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> as stated above, only 38% of eligible patients were medicated with warfarin and 40% were receiving no treatment. For the construction of our model it was assumed that the rest were taking aspirin, and so the comparator used in our study is a weighted combination of warfarin, aspirin and no treatment.</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Clinical and epidemiological data</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The model uses the results of the RE-LY trial,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14,15</span></a> a direct comparison between warfarin and dabigatran in over 18 000 patients with non-valvular AF and moderate to high stroke risk randomized to 110 mg or 150 mg dabigatran twice daily or warfarin at doses adjusted for a target INR of 2.0–3.0 for a median of two years. The study took place between December 2005 and March 2009 in 44 countries around the world, including Portugal, where nine centers with 117 patients participated.</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study analyzed the occurrence of events in individuals taking warfarin and the relative risks of those taking dabigatran. The results showed that 110 mg dabigatran reduced the primary outcome (stroke or systemic embolism) by 10%, although it was not significantly superior to warfarin, with a better safety profile (20% less major bleeding than warfarin, p=0.003). The 150 mg dose was superior to warfarin, reducing the primary outcome by 35% (p<0.001) and major bleeding by 7% (without statistical significance). Dabigatran significantly reduced the incidence of intracranial bleeding, by 70% for the 110 mg dose and by 59% for the 150 mg dose (p<0.001).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a></p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The only adverse effect that was significantly more common with dabigatran than with warfarin was dyspepsia (including abdominal pain), which occurred in 5.8% of patients in the warfarin group and in 11.8% and 11.3% in the 110 mg and 150 mg dabigatran groups, respectively (p<0.001 for both comparisons). Overall adverse event rates were similar between the treatment groups.</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There has also been a meta-analysis<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> that estimated the relative risk of various events in patients treated with aspirin and no treatment, patients’ ischemic stroke risk being stratified according to their CHADS<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> score.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> shows the results, which differ from those in the RE-LY trial publications in accordance with the drug's approval by the European Medicines Agency, which recommends 150 mg dabigatran twice daily for patients aged under 80 and 110 mg twice daily for those aged 80 or over.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The table shows that compared to warfarin, dabigatran significantly reduces the events under consideration, particularly ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, systemic embolism, TIA, intra- and extracranial bleeding (the latter two only in patients aged under 80), and minor bleeding. These clinical advantages are naturally more marked in relation to aspirin and no treatment. A slightly lower rate of MI was also observed in the warfarin group, although without statistical significance.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a></p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The epidemiological data from the FAMA study were used to estimate the proportion of men to women with AF in Portugal and their mean age,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> giving a figure of 55% males in the population aged under 80 and 26% in the older age-group.</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Quality of life</span><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The estimation of QALYs associated with each option is based on the assumption that quality of life diminishes in the presence of disease and with the occurrence of events. Analysis of the initial quality of life of the study population and of the impact of events is thus essential.</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For this purpose, we used the results of a meta-analysis<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> of 20 studies estimating quality of life for stroke, and of one study that estimated utility values for various chronic diseases using a representative sample of the US population based on data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> The former was used to establish weights for levels of dependence after stroke, while the latter was used to evaluate the impact of events on quality of life (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Economic data</span><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The resources consumed for treatment and follow-up of events were estimated on the basis of information provided by a panel of experts composed of six specialists with proven clinical experience (two cardiologists, two general clinicians and two neurologists).</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Based on the resources identified by the panel, together with their respective unit costs<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22–24</span></a> (net of Value Added Tax [VAT]<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>), the costs incurred during acute treatment and follow-up were estimated. The cost of both doses of dabigatran (110 mg and 150 mg) are based on the recommended price of the patent-holding company. These are presented in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The figures below were calculated from a societal perspective, considering overall costs, whether paid by the State or by patients. Costs accruing to the State were also estimated, taking a figure of 70% of the above figures for incremental costs and thus cost-effectiveness ratios, reflecting the fact that the State's contribution to the cost of dabigatran is 69%.</p></span></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Results</span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Main scenario</span><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The results naturally reflect the available clinical evidence. Dabigatran reduces the incidence of almost all the events considered, particularly ischemic stroke, systemic embolism, TIA, hemorrhagic stroke and intracranial bleeding, while it is associated with a higher incidence of MI and extracranial bleeding due to the greater risk in patients aged 80 or over taking 110 mg dabigatran.</p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The lower event rate is reflected in gains for patients medicated with dabigatran in terms of both life years and QALYs: 0.415 life years and 0.439 QALYs per patient when therapy begins before the age of 80, and 0.143 life years and 0.166 QALYs for therapy begun after the age of 80. Assuming that 69% of the population with AF is aged under 80,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> dabigatran confers mean gains of 0.331 life years and 0.354 QALYs.</p><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The daily cost of dabigatran is higher than that of warfarin or aspirin. However, the cost of treatment and follow-up of patients after suffering an event reduces the incremental cost by 20–30%. The cost of such preventive therapy thus rises by 5572 euros for patients aged under 80 and 2300 euros for those aged 80 or over, a mean of 4558 euros; the net cost increases by 3763 euros, 1231 euros and 2978 euros, respectively.</p><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Integrating the clinical and economic data enables the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) to be calculated per QALY and per life year (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table 4</a>). Although there is no fixed willingness-to-pay threshold in Portugal per life year or QALY gained, the figure obtained – around 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>000 euros per life year or QALY – is acceptable in the Portuguese context.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Sensitivity analysis</span><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All economic evaluations are based on hypotheses that are used to construct the main scenario. However, since these hypotheses can affect the results, it is important to analyze the effect of alternative values for the relevant parameters, usually through analysis of the sensitivity of the final result to the hypotheses adopted.</p><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It should be borne in mind that there are two types of parameter: those that can be associated with a statistical distribution to reflect the level of uncertainty, such as the probability of the events under consideration; and those that cannot, such as discount rate or time horizon.</p><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">With regard to the first type, a probabilistic sensitivity analysis can be performed by simultaneously simulating different occurrence rates for the different parameters. By way of example, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Figure 2</a> presents the incremental costs and life years from 1000 simulations of the population beginning therapy before the age of 80. One advantage of this type of sensitivity analysis is that the proportion of simulations in which the cost-effectiveness ratio is less than a particular willingness-to-pay threshold can be determined (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">Table 5</a>). Based on the values usually taken as the willingness-to-pay threshold for health gains, the adoption of dabigatran is likely to be cost-effective: in almost all the 1000 simulations performed, dabigatran has an ICER of less than 15 000 euros, around half the threshold generally used in Portugal.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0025"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For the other parameters, a univariate sensitivity analysis is more useful, assessing the effect of different values in the main scenario. <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0030">Table 6</a> presents the results for different discount rates, time horizons and costs. Both the discount rate (5%) and the time horizon (lifetime) used in the main scenario are those stipulated in the methodological guidelines in force in Portugal.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a> However, while there is genuine uncertainty concerning the optimum value of the discount rate in this analysis, varying the time horizon merely reflects the time-frame during which the drug has an effect, since in methodological terms it is agreed that the differences between therapeutic options should be evaluated up to the time when these differences cease to exist, which in the case of chronic medication is the moment of death.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0030"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The costs of treatment and follow-up could theoretically be included in the probabilistic sensitivity analysis. However, since they were estimated on the basis of figures agreed by an expert panel, univariate sensitivity analysis would seem to provide a better assessment of their effect on the final result.</p><p id="par0205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The univariate analysis showed that none of the parameters considered, except the time horizon, had a significant effect on cost-effectiveness ratios, since altering these parameters resulted in variations of only around 10%. The larger impact of the time horizon is to be expected, as shorter periods would mean a significant proportion of dabigatran's health gains would be excluded; this is often the case in economic evaluations of preventive therapies. Naturally, given the shorter life expectancy of patients aged over 80, the impact of reducing the time horizon on results for this population is considerably less.</p></span></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Discussion</span><p id="par0210" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Firstly, it should be pointed out that in this study a conservative approach was adopted, assuming that the efficacy of warfarin was that obtained as in the RE-LY trial. In reality, as control of INR values is fundamental in obtaining and maintaining the benefits of warfarin therapy and such control would tend to be easier to achieve under the conditions of a clinical trial, the effectiveness of warfarin in clinical practice is probably less than was assumed in this evaluation. The ability of warfarin to prevent stroke in clinical practice may be little more than half that estimated by clinical trials,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> mainly due to interactions with other drugs and with foods, the difficulty of monitoring INR, and bleeding risk.</p><p id="par0215" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Furthermore, the statistical power of the RE-LY trial has been reduced by the indications for use of dabigatran following approval by the European Medicines Agency, specifically the relation between age-group and daily dose. This is because all results for patients aged under 80 randomized to the 110 mg group, and for patients aged 80 or over randomized to the 150 mg group, are now irrelevant to this economic evaluation. As a result, some of the relative risks presented in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> are not statistically significant. However, the probabilistic sensitivity analysis, which considers the entire statistical distribution of each relative risk, shows that the cost-effectiveness ratio is most likely below the maximum acceptable in the Portuguese context.</p><p id="par0220" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The sensitivity analyses performed show that the results are relatively robust to the uncertainty of the clinical data and of the estimates of costs in Portugal. It should be noted that a variation in costs of 20% would alter the ratios by around 15%.</p><p id="par0225" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Finally, comparison of the ratios for Portugal with those published for other countries in which an economic evaluation has been used to assist with decisions on funding for drugs (Canada<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> and the United Kingdom<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>) shows that our results are conservative. The estimates of the cost of INR monitoring and, especially, the costs resulting from stroke, are lower in Portugal than in those two countries. As it is mainly in these parameters that dabigatran would reduce resource consumption, their lower levels would lead to higher cost-effectiveness ratios than those obtained in other countries.</p></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Conclusions</span><p id="par0230" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The results show that dabigatran is an important development for patients with non-valvular AF by reducing risk of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke and intracranial bleeding, as well as their long-term sequelae. The expense of dabigatran is partially offset by lower event-related costs and by the fact that INR monitoring is unnecessary. It can thus be concluded on the basis of this economic evaluation that besides being an effective and safe treatment, as demonstrated by the RE-LY trial, dabigatran is a cost-effective therapeutic option for Portuguese AF patients.</p></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0130">Ethical disclosures</span><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0135">Protection of human and animal subjects</span><p id="par0235" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that no experiments were performed on humans or animals for this study.</p></span><span id="sec0075" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0140">Confidentiality of data</span><p id="par0240" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that no patient data appear in this article.</p></span><span id="sec0080" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0145">Right to privacy and informed consent</span><p id="par0245" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that no patient data appear in this article.</p></span></span><span id="sec0085" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0150">Funding</span><p id="par0250" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study was funded by Boehringer Ingelheim, Lda. The funding was paid directly to CISEP and was not conditional on obtaining any specific results.</p></span><span id="sec0090" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0155">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0255" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study was funded by Boehringer Ingelheim, Lda. The funding was paid directly to CISEP and was not conditional on obtaining any specific results.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:14 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xres286539" "titulo" => array:5 [ 0 => "Abstract" 1 => "Introduction and Objectives" 2 => "Methodology" 3 => "Results" 4 => "Conclusions" ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec269723" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xres286540" "titulo" => array:5 [ 0 => "Resumo" 1 => "Introdução e objetivos" 2 => "Metodologia" 3 => "Resultados" 4 => "Conclusões" ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec269724" "titulo" => "Palavras-chave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Methods" "secciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Model" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Comparator" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Clinical and epidemiological data" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Quality of life" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Economic data" ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "Results" "secciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0045" "titulo" => "Main scenario" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0050" "titulo" => "Sensitivity analysis" ] ] ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0055" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0060" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0065" "titulo" => "Ethical disclosures" "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0070" "titulo" => "Protection of human and animal subjects" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0075" "titulo" => "Confidentiality of data" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0080" "titulo" => "Right to privacy and informed consent" ] ] ] 10 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0085" "titulo" => "Funding" ] 11 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0090" "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest" ] 12 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xack66495" "titulo" => "Acknowledgements" ] 13 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2013-01-05" "fechaAceptado" => "2013-01-19" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec269723" "palabras" => array:6 [ 0 => "Stroke" 1 => "Prevention" 2 => "Atrial fibrillation" 3 => "Dabigatran" 4 => "Cost-effectiveness" 5 => "Portugal" ] ] ] "pt" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palavras-chave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec269724" "palabras" => array:6 [ 0 => "Acidente vascular cerebral" 1 => "Prevenção" 2 => "Fibrilhação auricular" 3 => "Dabigatrano" 4 => "Custo-efetividade" 5 => "Portugal" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Introduction and Objectives</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To estimate the cost-effectiveness and cost-utility of dabigatran in the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation in Portugal.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Methodology</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A Markov model was used to simulate patients’ clinical course, estimating the occurrence of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, transient ischemic attack, systemic embolism, myocardial infarction, and intra- and extracranial hemorrhage. The clinical parameters are based on the results of the RE-LY trial, which compared dabigatran with warfarin, and on a meta-analysis that estimated the risk of each event in patients treated with aspirin or with no antithrombotic therapy.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Dabigatran provides an increase of 0.331 life years and 0.354 quality-adjusted life years for each patient. From a societal perspective, these clinical gains entail an additional expenditure of 2978 euros. Thus, the incremental cost is 9006 euros per life year gained and 8409 euros per quality-adjusted life year.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The results show that dabigatran reduces the number of events, especially the most severe such as ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, as well as their long-term sequelae. The expense of dabigatran is partially offset by lower event-related costs and by the fact that INR monitoring is unnecessary. It can thus be concluded that the use of dabigatran in clinical practice in Portugal is cost-effective.</p>" ] "pt" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumo" "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introdução e objetivos</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estimar os rácios custo-efetividade e custo-utilidade associados à utilização de dabigatrano na prevenção de acidentes vasculares cerebrais e embolias sistémicas em doentes com fibrilhação auricular não valvular em Portugal.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Metodologia</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Foi utilizado um modelo de Markov para simular a evolução dos doentes, estimando a ocorrência de acidentes vasculares cerebrais isquémicos e hemorrágicos, de acidentes isquémicos transitórios, de embolias sistémicas, de enfartes agudos do miocárdio e de hemorragias intra e extracranianas. Os parâmetros clínicos baseiam-se nos resultados do estudo RE-LY, que compara a utilização de dabigatrano com a de varfarina, e numa meta-análise em que se estimou o risco de ocorrência de cada evento em doentes medicados com ácido acetilsalicílico ou sem qualquer terapêutica antitrombótica.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">O dabigatrano proporciona, a cada doente, um incremento de 0,331 e de 0,354 anos de vida ajustados pela qualidade. Na perspetiva da sociedade, estes ganhos clínicos implicam um aumento da despesa em 2.978 €. Assim, o custo incremental por ano de vida ganho é de 9.006 €, sendo o custo incremental por ano de vida ajustado pela qualidade de 8.409 €.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusões</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Os resultados obtidos mostram que o dabigatrano diminui a quantidade de eventos, nomeadamente os de maior gravidade como os acidentes vasculares cerebrais isquémicos e hemorrágicos, bem como as respetivas sequelas de longo prazo. Os custos com dabigatrano são parcialmente compensados por uma diminuição dos custos decorrentes dos eventos, bem como pela ausência de monitorização do INR. Assim, pode concluir-se que a utilização de dabigatrano na prática clínica portuguesa é custo-efetiva.</p>" ] ] "NotaPie" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "etiqueta" => "1" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0015">VAT should not be included in economic evaluations since it is merely a transfer between the payer and the State, and is thus not really a cost.</p>" "identificador" => "fn0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">Please cite this article as: Silva Miguel L, Rocha E, Ferreira J. Avaliação económica do dabigatrano na prevenção de acidentes vasculares cerebrais isquémicos em doentes com fibrilhação auricular não valvular. Rev Port Cardiol. 2013;32:557–565.</p>" ] ] "nomenclatura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "nom0005" "titulo" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">List of abbreviations</span>" "listaDefinicion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "definicion" => array:7 [ 0 => array:2 [ "termino" => "AF" "descripcion" => "<p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">atrial fibrillation</p>" ] 1 => array:2 [ "termino" => "ICER" "descripcion" => "<p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">incremental cost-effectiveness ratio</p>" ] 2 => array:2 [ "termino" => "INR" "descripcion" => "<p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">international normalized ratio</p>" ] 3 => array:2 [ "termino" => "MI" "descripcion" => "<p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">myocardial infarction</p>" ] 4 => array:2 [ "termino" => "QALY" "descripcion" => "<p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">quality-adjusted life years</p>" ] 5 => array:2 [ "termino" => "TIA" "descripcion" => "<p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">transient ischemic attack</p>" ] 6 => array:2 [ "termino" => "VAT" "descripcion" => "<p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">value-added tax</p>" ] ] ] ] ] ] "multimedia" => array:8 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 2192 "Ancho" => 2464 "Tamanyo" => 403625 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Markov model. <span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span> History of stroke is modeled but not represented in the figure; <span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span> discontinuation due to minor bleeding. HS: hemorrhagic stroke; IB: intracranial bleeding; IS: ischemic stroke; MI: myocardial infarction; TIA: transient ischemic attack.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 1141 "Ancho" => 1537 "Tamanyo" => 151694 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Probabilistic sensitivity analysis.</p>" ] ] 2 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:2 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Warfarin</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Relative risk vs. warfarin</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Age <80 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Age ≥80 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Dabigatran</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Aspirin \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">No treatment \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">150 bid \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">110 bid \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="7" align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Ischemic stroke</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="7" align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">CHADS</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">2</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">score</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.62 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.77 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.82 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.62 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3.35<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.79 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.42 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.88 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.54 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3/4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.55 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.48 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5/6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.77 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4.72 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="7" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Systemic embolism</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.15 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.31 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.66 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.51 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.77 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4.44<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">TIA</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.73 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.41 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.92 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.45<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.56 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.23 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">MI</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.59 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.89 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.26 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.39 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.42 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.57 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Intracranial bleeding</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.35 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.73 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.48<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.29<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.51 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.33 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Hemorrhagic stroke</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.33 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.63 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.21<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.26<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.84 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.33 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Extracranial bleeding</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.71 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3.50 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.93 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.44<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.14 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.61 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Minor bleeding</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">16.06 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">17.98 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.86<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.91 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.63 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.55<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab418922.png" ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0005" "etiqueta" => "a" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Statistically significant relative risks at 95%. bid: twice daily; MI: myocardial infarction; TIA: transient ischemic attack.</p>" ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Event rates per 100 person-years in patients taking warfarin and relative risks of other treatments.</p>" ] ] 3 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">MI: myocardial infarction; TIA: transient ischemic attack.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Weights for quality of life by level of dependence</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Independent, no history of stroke \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.81 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Independent \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.65 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Moderately dependent \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.46 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Completely dependent \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.30 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Reduction of quality of life associated with each event</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Ischemic stroke \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.139 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Systemic embolism \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.120 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>TIA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.103 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Intracranial bleeding \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.181 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hemorrhagic stroke \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.139 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Extracranial bleeding \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.181 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Minor bleeding \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.004 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>MI \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.125 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab418918.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Quality of life.</p>" ] ] 4 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0015" "etiqueta" => "Table 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">INR: international normalized ratio; MI: myocardial infarction.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Daily cost of treatment</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Dabigatran 150 mg twice daily</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.53 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Dabigatran 110 mg twice daily</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.53 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Warfarin 5 mg once daily</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.08 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aspirin 150 mg once daily</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.07 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Cost per event (acute phase)</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4135.79 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Systemic embolism</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1537.56 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TIA</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3215.79 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Intracranial bleeding</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5210.99 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Fatal extracranial bleeding</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1782.54 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Extracranial bleeding</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1459.99 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Fatal MI</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3185.44 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">MI</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3108.17 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Three-monthly cost of follow-up</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">No event</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">96.94 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Independent</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">118.59 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Moderately dependent</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">145.84 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Completely dependent</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2867.10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Three-monthly cost of rehabilitation following ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke or intracranial bleeding</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Independent</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>First year \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">82.50 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Moderately dependent</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>First three months \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2515.06 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Remainder of first year \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1333.00 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Following years \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">283.50 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Completely dependent</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>First three months \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2337.94 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Remainder of first year \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1155.88 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Three-monthly cost of INR monitoring</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">INR within therapeutic limit</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">52.77 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">INR outside therapeutic limit</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">57.47 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab418917.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Economic data (in euros).</p>" ] ] 5 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0020" "etiqueta" => "Table 4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">QALY: quality-adjusted life year.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="3" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Society</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Age <80 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Age ≥80 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mean \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Incremental cost (a) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3763 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1231 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2978 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Incremental life years (b) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.415 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.143 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.331 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Incremental QALYs (c) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.439 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.166 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.354 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Cost per life year (a/b) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">9071 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8592 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">9006 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Cost per QALY (a/c) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8577 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7420 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8409 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab418921.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (in euros).</p>" ] ] 6 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0025" "etiqueta" => "Table 5" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0095" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">ICER: incremental cost-effectiveness ratio; QALY: quality-adjusted life year.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Age <80</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Age ≥80</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Cost per life year % \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Cost per QALY % \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Cost per life year % \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Cost per QALY % \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">ICER<10 000 euros \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">69.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">76.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">53.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">63.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">ICER<15 000 euros \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">97.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">99.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">75.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">83.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">ICER<20 000 euros \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">99.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">99.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">84.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">91.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">ICER<25 000 euros \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">99.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">100.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">90.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">94.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">ICER<30 000 euros \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">100.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">100.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">93.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">96.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab418919.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0090" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Distribution of simulations by incremental cost-effectiveness ratio.</p>" ] ] 7 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0030" "etiqueta" => "Table 6" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0105" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">QALY: quality-adjusted life year.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Age <80</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Age ≥80</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Per life year \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Per QALY \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Per life year \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Per QALY \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Main scenario</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">9071 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8577 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8592 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7420 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="5" align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Discount rate</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7967 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7665 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8073 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7047 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">10 272 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">9550 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">9125 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7800 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="5" align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Time horizon</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10 years \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">19 936 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">16 161 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">9447 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7900 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15 years \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">12 434 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">10 937 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8629 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7439 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="5" align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Costs</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+20% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7931 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7500 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6748 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5828 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>−20% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">10 210 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">9655 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">10 435 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">9012 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab418920.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0100" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Univariate sensitivity analysis (in euros).</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:26 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation: The Task Force for the Management of Atrial Fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "A.J. Camm" 1 => "P. Kirchhof" 2 => "G.I.H. Lyp" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1093/eurheartj/ehq278" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur Heart J" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "31" "paginaInicial" => "2369" "paginaFinal" => "2429" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20802247" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0010" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Aguiar C, Macedo M, Sousa J, et al. Terapêutica Antitrombótica da Fibrilhação Auricular, Coordenação Nacional para as Doenças Cardiovasculares. Available from: <a id="intr0010" class="elsevierStyleInterRef" href="http://www.spc.pt/DL/home/RecomendacoesTAFA.pdf.%202009">http://www.spc.pt/DL/home/RecomendacoesTAFA.pdf. 2009</a> [accessed 21.12.12]." ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0015" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Prevalência de fibrilhação auricular na população portuguesa com 40 ou mais anos – Estudo FAMA" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "D. Bonhorst" 1 => "M. Mendes" 2 => "P. Adragão" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Rev Port Cardiol" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "29" "paginaInicial" => "331" "paginaFinal" => "350" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20635561" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0020" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Atrial fibrillation management: a prospective survey in ESC Member Countries – The Euro Heart Survey on Atrial Fibrillation" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "R. Nieuwlaat" 1 => "A. Capucci" 2 => "A.J. Camm" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1093/eurheartj/ehi505" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur Heart J" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "26" "paginaInicial" => "2422" "paginaFinal" => "2434" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16204266" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0025" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Screening versus routine practice in detection of atrial fibrillation in patients aged 65 or over: cluster randomised controlled trial" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "D.A. Fitzmaurice" 1 => "F.D. Hobbs" 2 => "S. Jowett" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/bmj.39280.660567.55" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "BMJ" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "335" "paginaInicial" => "383" "paginaFinal" => "386" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17673732" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0030" "etiqueta" => "6" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "J. Menke" 1 => "L. Luthje" 2 => "A. Kastrup" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.10.018" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Cardiol" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "105" "paginaInicial" => "502" "paginaFinal" => "510" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20152245" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0035" "etiqueta" => "7" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Atrial fibrillation as an independent risk factor for stroke: The Framingham Study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "P.A. Wolf" 1 => "R.D. Abbott" 2 => "W.B. Kannel" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Stroke" "fecha" => "1991" "volumen" => "22" "paginaInicial" => "983" "paginaFinal" => "988" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1866765" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0040" "etiqueta" => "8" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Population-based study of determinants of initial secondary care costs of acute stroke in the United Kingdom" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "R. Luengo-Fernandez" 1 => "A.M. Gray" 2 => "P.M. Rothwell" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1161/01.STR.0000240508.28625.2c" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Stroke" "fecha" => "2006" "volumen" => "37" "paginaInicial" => "2579" "paginaFinal" => "2587" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16946157" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0045" "etiqueta" => "9" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Meta-analysis: antithrombotic therapy to prevent stroke in patients who have nonvalvular atrial fibrillation" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "R.G. Hart" 1 => "L.A. Pearce" 2 => "M.I. Aguilar" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Ann Intern Med" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "146" "paginaInicial" => "857" "paginaFinal" => "867" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17577005" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0050" "etiqueta" => "10" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Pharmacology and management of the vitamin K antagonists: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (8th edition)" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "J. Ansell" 1 => "J. Hirsh" 2 => "E. Hylek" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1378/chest.08-0670" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Chest" "fecha" => "2008" "volumen" => "133" "numero" => "Suppl." "paginaInicial" => "160S" "paginaFinal" => "198S" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18574265" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 10 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0055" "etiqueta" => "11" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Clopidogrel plus aspirin versus oral anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation in the Atrial fibrillation Clopidogrel Trial with Irbesartan for prevention of Vascular Events (ACTIVE W): a randomised controlled trial" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "colaboracion" => "The ACTIVE Writing Group on behalf of the ACTIVE Investigators" "etal" => false ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68845-4" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Lancet" "fecha" => "2006" "volumen" => "367" "paginaInicial" => "1903" "paginaFinal" => "1912" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16765759" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 11 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0060" "etiqueta" => "12" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Secondary stroke prevention with ximelagatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. Pooled Analysis of SPORTIF III and V clinical trials" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "P.T. Akins" 1 => "H.A. Feldman" 2 => "R.G. Zoble" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1161/01.STR.0000258004.64840.0b" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Stroke" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "38" "paginaInicial" => "874" "paginaFinal" => "880" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17255547" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 12 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0065" "etiqueta" => "13" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Comparison of idraparinux with vitamin K antagonists for prevention of thromboembolism in patients with atrial fibrillation: a randomised, open-label, non-inferiority trial" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "colaboracion" => "The Amadeus Investigators" "etal" => false ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60168-3" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Lancet" "fecha" => "2008" "volumen" => "371" "paginaInicial" => "315" "paginaFinal" => "321" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18294998" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 13 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0070" "etiqueta" => "14" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "S.J. Connoly" 1 => "M.D. Ezekowitz" 2 => "S. Yusuf" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1056/NEJMoa0905561" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "NEJM" "fecha" => "2009" "volumen" => "361" "paginaInicial" => "1139" "paginaFinal" => "1151" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19717844" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 14 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0075" "etiqueta" => "15" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Newly identified events in the RE-LY trial" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "S.J. Connoly" 1 => "M.D. Ezekowitz" 2 => "S. Yusuf" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1056/NEJMc1007378" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "363" "paginaInicial" => "1875" "paginaFinal" => "1885" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21047252" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 15 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0080" "etiqueta" => "16" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Cost-effectiveness of dabigatran etexilate for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in atrial fibrillation: a Canadian payer perspective" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "S.V. Sorensen" 1 => "A.R. Kansal" 2 => "S. Connolly" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1160/TH11-02-0089" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Thromb Haemost" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "105" "paginaInicial" => "908" "paginaFinal" => "919" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21431243" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S1201971209003713" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "12019712" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 16 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0085" "etiqueta" => "17" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Cost-effectiveness of dabigatran etexilate for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in UK patients with atrial fibrillation" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "A.R. Kansal" 1 => "S.V. Sorensen" 2 => "R. Gani" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/heartjnl-2011-300646" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Heart" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "98" "paginaInicial" => "573" "paginaFinal" => "578" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22422743" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 17 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0090" "etiqueta" => "18" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Treatments for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: a network meta-analysis and indirect comparisons versus dabigatran etexilate" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "N.S. Roskell" 1 => "G.Y. Lip" 2 => "H. Noack" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1160/TH10-10-0642" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Thromb Haemost" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "104" "paginaInicial" => "1106" "paginaFinal" => "1115" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20967400" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 18 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0095" "etiqueta" => "19" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "European Medicines Agency. Resumo do EPAR destinado ao público. 2011. Available from: <a id="intr0015" class="elsevierStyleInterRef" href="http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/pt_PT/document_library/EPAR_-_Summary_for_the_public/human/000829/WC500041060.pdf">http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/pt_PT/document_library/EPAR_-_Summary_for_the_public/human/000829/WC500041060.pdf</a> [accessed 21.12.12]." ] ] ] 19 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0100" "etiqueta" => "20" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A meta-analysis of quality-of-life estimates for stroke" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "T.O. Tengs" 1 => "T.H. Lin" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Pharmacoeconomics" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "21" "paginaInicial" => "191" "paginaFinal" => "200" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12558469" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 20 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0105" "etiqueta" => "21" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The cost effectiveness of anticoagulation management services for patients with atrial fibrillation and at high risk of stroke in the US" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "P.W. Sullivan" 1 => "T.W. Arant" 2 => "S.L. Ellis" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Pharmacoeconomics" "fecha" => "2006" "volumen" => "24" "paginaInicial" => "1021" "paginaFinal" => "1033" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17002484" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0749806312005129" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "07498063" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 21 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0110" "etiqueta" => "22" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Ministério da Saúde (2013) Diário da República – I Série, n.° 23 (Portaria n.° 41/2013) de 1 de fevereiro de 2013." ] ] ] 22 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0115" "etiqueta" => "23" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Ministério da Saúde (20013) Diário da República – I Série, n.° 80 (Portaria n.° 163/2013) de 24 de abril de 2013." ] ] ] 23 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0120" "etiqueta" => "24" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Infarmed (2013). Available from: <a id="intr0020" class="elsevierStyleInterRef" href="http://www.infarmed.pt/infomed/inicio.php">http://www.infarmed.pt/infomed/inicio.php</a> [accessed 08.07.13]." ] ] ] 24 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0125" "etiqueta" => "25" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Silva EA, Pinto CG, Sampaio C et al. Orientações Metodológicas para Estudos de Avaliação Económica de Medicamentos, INFARMED, 1998. Lisboa." ] ] ] 25 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0130" "etiqueta" => "26" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Can we rely on Re-LY?" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "B.F. Gage" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1056/NEJMe0906886" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med" "fecha" => "2009" "volumen" => "361" "paginaInicial" => "1200" "paginaFinal" => "1201" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19717843" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "agradecimientos" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "identificador" => "xack66495" "titulo" => "Acknowledgements" "texto" => "<p id="par0260" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors wish to thank the physicians who made up the expert panel: Aníbal Albuquerque, Armando Bordalo e Sá, Armando Brito de Sá, Elsa Azevedo, Vasco Queiroz, and Vítor Oliveira.</p>" "vista" => "all" ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/21742049/0000003200000078/v1_201310270023/S2174204913001517/v1_201310270023/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "9917" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Original Articles" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/21742049/0000003200000078/v1_201310270023/S2174204913001517/v1_201310270023/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004E&text.app=https://revportcardiol.org/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2174204913001517?idApp=UINPBA00004E" ]
Year/Month | Html | Total | |
---|---|---|---|
2024 November | 3 | 2 | 5 |
2024 October | 39 | 28 | 67 |
2024 September | 35 | 19 | 54 |
2024 August | 45 | 23 | 68 |
2024 July | 22 | 23 | 45 |
2024 June | 26 | 18 | 44 |
2024 May | 36 | 25 | 61 |
2024 April | 25 | 24 | 49 |
2024 March | 28 | 19 | 47 |
2024 February | 21 | 21 | 42 |
2024 January | 22 | 27 | 49 |
2023 December | 16 | 25 | 41 |
2023 November | 22 | 28 | 50 |
2023 October | 18 | 11 | 29 |
2023 September | 15 | 22 | 37 |
2023 August | 15 | 14 | 29 |
2023 July | 23 | 10 | 33 |
2023 June | 19 | 12 | 31 |
2023 May | 35 | 23 | 58 |
2023 April | 23 | 4 | 27 |
2023 March | 23 | 17 | 40 |
2023 February | 24 | 24 | 48 |
2023 January | 23 | 14 | 37 |
2022 December | 34 | 23 | 57 |
2022 November | 37 | 29 | 66 |
2022 October | 18 | 17 | 35 |
2022 September | 21 | 33 | 54 |
2022 August | 29 | 24 | 53 |
2022 July | 25 | 33 | 58 |
2022 June | 15 | 25 | 40 |
2022 May | 18 | 28 | 46 |
2022 April | 32 | 23 | 55 |
2022 March | 29 | 27 | 56 |
2022 February | 16 | 17 | 33 |
2022 January | 21 | 21 | 42 |
2021 December | 22 | 26 | 48 |
2021 November | 24 | 33 | 57 |
2021 October | 23 | 34 | 57 |
2021 September | 27 | 19 | 46 |
2021 August | 25 | 33 | 58 |
2021 July | 19 | 22 | 41 |
2021 June | 17 | 20 | 37 |
2021 May | 24 | 33 | 57 |
2021 April | 53 | 35 | 88 |
2021 March | 51 | 15 | 66 |
2021 February | 35 | 22 | 57 |
2021 January | 31 | 15 | 46 |
2020 December | 30 | 13 | 43 |
2020 November | 33 | 15 | 48 |
2020 October | 17 | 13 | 30 |
2020 September | 25 | 4 | 29 |
2020 August | 19 | 7 | 26 |
2020 July | 30 | 11 | 41 |
2020 June | 32 | 9 | 41 |
2020 May | 27 | 5 | 32 |
2020 April | 29 | 13 | 42 |
2020 March | 23 | 10 | 33 |
2020 February | 63 | 18 | 81 |
2020 January | 17 | 2 | 19 |
2019 December | 17 | 7 | 24 |
2019 November | 14 | 3 | 17 |
2019 October | 20 | 5 | 25 |
2019 September | 31 | 11 | 42 |
2019 August | 17 | 4 | 21 |
2019 July | 28 | 9 | 37 |
2019 June | 18 | 9 | 27 |
2019 May | 25 | 9 | 34 |
2019 April | 19 | 10 | 29 |
2019 March | 32 | 13 | 45 |
2019 February | 53 | 9 | 62 |
2019 January | 27 | 7 | 34 |
2018 December | 30 | 9 | 39 |
2018 November | 85 | 8 | 93 |
2018 October | 200 | 26 | 226 |
2018 September | 52 | 20 | 72 |
2018 August | 25 | 16 | 41 |
2018 July | 17 | 2 | 19 |
2018 June | 29 | 11 | 40 |
2018 May | 34 | 10 | 44 |
2018 April | 35 | 2 | 37 |
2018 March | 24 | 9 | 33 |
2018 February | 22 | 5 | 27 |
2018 January | 24 | 6 | 30 |
2017 December | 26 | 7 | 33 |
2017 November | 23 | 5 | 28 |
2017 October | 17 | 16 | 33 |
2017 September | 24 | 4 | 28 |
2017 August | 26 | 11 | 37 |
2017 July | 13 | 10 | 23 |
2017 June | 30 | 5 | 35 |
2017 May | 38 | 8 | 46 |
2017 April | 43 | 6 | 49 |
2017 March | 49 | 50 | 99 |
2017 February | 27 | 5 | 32 |
2017 January | 17 | 2 | 19 |
2016 December | 45 | 9 | 54 |
2016 November | 28 | 3 | 31 |
2016 October | 24 | 7 | 31 |
2016 September | 15 | 5 | 20 |
2016 August | 7 | 3 | 10 |
2016 July | 6 | 3 | 9 |
2016 June | 5 | 3 | 8 |
2016 May | 8 | 3 | 11 |
2016 April | 27 | 9 | 36 |
2016 March | 44 | 15 | 59 |
2016 February | 64 | 28 | 92 |
2016 January | 51 | 22 | 73 |
2015 December | 54 | 21 | 75 |
2015 November | 48 | 17 | 65 |
2015 October | 48 | 22 | 70 |
2015 September | 50 | 20 | 70 |
2015 August | 44 | 14 | 58 |
2015 July | 38 | 10 | 48 |
2015 June | 22 | 6 | 28 |
2015 May | 60 | 4 | 64 |
2015 April | 34 | 14 | 48 |
2015 March | 33 | 11 | 44 |
2015 February | 24 | 7 | 31 |
2015 January | 42 | 13 | 55 |
2014 December | 65 | 8 | 73 |
2014 November | 61 | 7 | 68 |
2014 October | 69 | 13 | 82 |
2014 September | 62 | 12 | 74 |
2014 August | 45 | 9 | 54 |
2014 July | 49 | 11 | 60 |
2014 June | 35 | 19 | 54 |
2014 May | 60 | 18 | 78 |
2014 April | 32 | 14 | 46 |
2014 March | 70 | 18 | 88 |
2014 February | 68 | 16 | 84 |
2014 January | 65 | 20 | 85 |
2013 December | 62 | 15 | 77 |
2013 November | 94 | 29 | 123 |
2013 October | 5 | 2 | 7 |