State-of-the-Art Paper and CommentaryA Novel Paradigm for Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: Comorbidities Drive Myocardial Dysfunction and Remodeling Through Coronary Microvascular Endothelial Inflammation
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Key Words
ejection fraction
endothelial dysfunction
heart failure
nitric oxide
Abbreviations and Acronyms
ACEI
angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor
ARB
angiotensin II receptor blocker
BNP
B-type natriuretic peptide
cGMP
cyclic guanosine monophosphate
DM
diabetes mellitus
HF
heart failure
HFPEF
heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
HFREF
heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
IL
interleukin
LV
left ventricular
PDE5
phosphodiesterase 5
PH-HFPEF
pulmonary hypertension secondary to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
PKG
protein kinase G
ROS
reactive oxygen species
TGF
transforming growth factor
TNF
tumor necrosis factor
VCAM
vascular cell adhesion molecule
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Supported by a grant from the European Commission (FP7-Health-2010; MEDIA-261409). The authors have reported that they have no relationships relevant to the contents of this paper to disclose.
Copyright © 2013 American College of Cardiology Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.